Which type of validity is assessed by comparing a test’s results with a recognized standard?

The assessment described in the question pertains to criterion validity. Criterion validity specifically evaluates how well one measure correlates with a standard or benchmark that is known to be valid. This involves comparison with an established measure that serves as a standard reference (the "criterion"), allowing researchers to determine the test's accuracy and effectiveness in measuring what it is intended to measure.

In this context, if a new test is being evaluated against a recognized standard, it indicates that the new test is being assessed for its ability to produce results that align closely with those of the accepted benchmark. High correlation would indicate strong criterion validity, demonstrating that the new measure is capturing the same attributes or phenomena as the established standard.

Content validity, on the other hand, involves evaluating whether a test covers the entire range of the concept it intends to measure. Construct validity pertains to whether a test accurately measures the theoretical construct or trait it claims to measure, while face validity simply involves the subjective judgment about whether a test appears to measure what it is supposed to measure, without rigorous empirical analysis. Hence, these other types of validity do not directly involve the comparison with a recognized standard, making criterion validity the correct choice for this question.